The data were analyzed and arranged based on the basic parameters needed to determine the path loss for the selected streets in the metropolitan areas. The base stations chosen for this study ranges from frequency 11000 MHz, 15000 MHz, 18000MHz and 23000 MHz. The base station data used in this study were obtained from a giant telecommunication company (MTN) in Nigeria. Thus, this study attempts to investigate a useful path loss model to predict the signal strength at different areas so as to achieve anappreciable signal quality. This problem should be addressed in order to improve on the Quality of Service (QoS) provided by telecommunication providers. Often times,mobile telecommunication signals areconfronted with degradation due to obstacles between the base stations (BTS) and the mobile stations (MS). This paper presents the comparative analysis of signal path loss in the selected metropolitan areas in Nigeria using Okumura-Hata model. This means that the RAM can be used to predict coverage of wireless radio signal in areas dominated by rain. The overall result show full agreement with the trend of the FSPM. The Okumura-Hata Free Space Propagation Model (FSPM) was simulated in the same manner and used to validate the results of the RAM. MATLAB was used to simulate the RAM with inputs of raindrop size measurement and a 14-year variations of one-minute rainfall rates from 37 sites covering 36 states capitals and Abuja in Nigeria sourced at Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) satellite database and validated with precipitation prediction estimates from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET). A scenario of transmit and reception of microwave under falling rain drops is assumed and the volume extracted from the transmitter power emission was used as a basis of deriving the Rain Attenuation Model (RAM). This research studies the effect of raising the operating frequency to transmit signals in rain.
In order to compensate for increase in demand for bandwidth, telecommunication operating frequencies have to be raised, yielding larger channel capacity. The problem continues to grow as the use of telecommunications and wireless data communication becomes more popular. Current frequency allocations below Ku-band are becoming increasingly congested.
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